THE DYNAMICS OF DISINFORMATION UNDERSTANDING HOW PAKISTANI SOCIAL MEDIA USERS NAVIGATE AND REACT TO FAKE NEWS

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gdpmr.2023(VI-I).10      10.31703/gdpmr.2023(VI-I).10      Published : Mar 1
Authored by : Haroon Elahi , Wajid Zulqarnain , Naveed Ullah Hashmi

10 Pages : 124-132

References

  • Ali, A. S., & Qazi, I. A. (2021). Countering Misinformation on Social Media Through Educational Interventions: Evidence from a Randomized Experiment in Pakistan. arXiv (Cornell University). https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2107.02775
  • Barzilai, S., & Chinn, C. A. (2020). A review of educational responses to the “post-truth” condition: Four lenses on “post-truth” problems. Educational Psychologist, 55(3), 107–119. https://doi.org/10.1080/00461520.2020.1786388
  • Batool, S. H., Ahmed, W., Mahmood, K., & Sharif, A. (2021). Social network analysis of Twitter data from Pakistan during COVID-19. Information Discovery and Delivery, 50(4), 353–364. https://doi.org/10.1108/idd-03-2021-0022
  • Beridze, I., & Butcher, J. N. (2019). When seeing is no longer believing. Nature Machine Intelligence, 1(8), 332–334. https://doi.org/10.1038/s42256-019-0085-5
  • Collins, B., Hoang, D. T., Nguyen, N. T., & Hwang, D. (2021). Trends in combating fake news on social media – a survey. Journal of Information and Telecommunication, 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1080/24751839.2020.1847379
  • Ireton, C., & Posetti, J. (2018). Journalism, fake news & disinformation: a handbook for journalism education and training: Unesco Publishing. http://bibliotecadigital.tse.jus.br/xmlui/handle/bdtse/6339
  • Jamil, S., & Appiah-Adjei, G. (2019). Journalism in the era of mobile technology: The changing pattern of news production and the thriving culture of fake news in Pakistan and Ghana. World of Media, 1(3), 42–64. https://doi.org/10.30547/worldofmedia.3.2019.2
  • Kareem, I., & Awan, S. I. (2019). Pakistani Media Fake News Classification using Machine Learning Classifiers. https://doi.org/10.1109/icic48496.2019.8966734
  • Malik, A., Bashir, F., & Mahmood, K. (2023). Antecedents and Consequences of Misinformation Sharing Behavior among Adults on Social Media during COVID- 19. SAGE Open, 13(1), 215824402211470. https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440221147022
  • Malik, A., Islam, T., & Mahmood, K. (2022). Factors affecting misinformation combating intention in Pakistan during COVID-19. Kybernetes. https://doi.org/10.1108/k-02-2022-0263
  • Ng, L. H. X., & Taeihagh, A. (2021). How does fake news spread? Understanding pathways of disinformation spread through APIs. Policy & Internet. https://doi.org/10.1002/poi3.268
  • Qureshi, M. N. (2010). Role of Media in Statecraft: A Case Study of Pakistan. ISSRA Papers, 76.
  • Shahzad, K., & Mishra, Y. K. (2022). Relationship between new media literacy (NML) and web-based fake news epidemic control: a systematic literature review. Global Knowledge, Memory and Communication. https://doi.org/10.1108/gkmc-08-2022-0197
  • Tandoc, E. C., Lim, D. J., & Ling, R. (2020). Diffusion of disinformation: How social media users respond to fake news and why. Journalism: Theory, Practice & Criticism, 21(3), 381–398. https://doi.org/10.1177/1464884919868325
  • Ibrahim, M. A. (2012). THEMATIC ANALYSIS: A CRITICAL REVIEW OF ITS PROCESS AND EVALUATION. West East Journal of Social Sciences. http://www.westeastinstitute.com/journals/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/4-Mohammed-Ibrahim-Alhojailan-Full-Paper-Thematic-Analysis-A-Critical-Review-Of-Its-Process-And-Evaluation.pdf
  • Kitsa, M., & Mudra, I. (2019). What do women really want? Exploring contemporary Ukrainian women’s magazines. Feminist Media Studies, 19(2), 179-194 Lane, J. (1994). Comparative Politics: The Principal-Agent Perspective. http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ncid/BA83961335
  • Lin, C. L., & Yeh, J. T. (2009). Comparing society’s awareness of women: Media- portrayed idealized images and physical attractiveness. Journal of Business Ethics, 90(1), 61
  • Matthes, J., Prieler, M., & Adam, K. (2016). Gender-role portrayals in television advertising across the globe. Sex roles, 75(7-8), 314-327.
  • McArthur, L. Z., & Resko, B. G. (1975). The portrayal of men and women in American television
  • Rehman, Syed Inam, Yasar Arafat, NaumanSial, and BabarHussain Shah. "Framing of Urdu Drama Serials: From Social Religious Values to Family Catastrophe." Al-Qalam 24, no. 2 (2019):
  • Shabir, G., Safdar, G., & Imran, M. (2013). Cultural Effects of Urdu Dramas of Geo and Hum TV on Women: A Case Study of Bahawalpur, Pakistan. The Women-Annual Research Journal of Gender Studies, 5. https://sujo- old.usindh.edu.pk/index.php/THE-WOMEN/article/download/878/829
  • Tariq, S. (2005). The comparative study of PTV and GEO TV in promoting Pakistani culture. Unpublished master’s thesis Mass communication department at the University of Punjab, Lahore.televised portrayals. Sex Roles, 10(5-6), 417- 430.
  • Uray, N., & Burnaz, S. (2003). An analysis of the portrayal of gender roles in Turkish television advertisements. Sex roles, 48(1- 2), 77-87.
  • Zawisza-Riley, M. (2019). Advertising, Gender and Society: A Psychological Perspective.
  • Zubari, N. A. (1992). Effects of television on children of middle-class families in Karachi-a cross-sectional study (unpublished: PhD. thesis). Department of Mass Communication, University of Karachi, Pakistan

References

  • Ali, A. S., & Qazi, I. A. (2021). Countering Misinformation on Social Media Through Educational Interventions: Evidence from a Randomized Experiment in Pakistan. arXiv (Cornell University). https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2107.02775
  • Barzilai, S., & Chinn, C. A. (2020). A review of educational responses to the “post-truth” condition: Four lenses on “post-truth” problems. Educational Psychologist, 55(3), 107–119. https://doi.org/10.1080/00461520.2020.1786388
  • Batool, S. H., Ahmed, W., Mahmood, K., & Sharif, A. (2021). Social network analysis of Twitter data from Pakistan during COVID-19. Information Discovery and Delivery, 50(4), 353–364. https://doi.org/10.1108/idd-03-2021-0022
  • Beridze, I., & Butcher, J. N. (2019). When seeing is no longer believing. Nature Machine Intelligence, 1(8), 332–334. https://doi.org/10.1038/s42256-019-0085-5
  • Collins, B., Hoang, D. T., Nguyen, N. T., & Hwang, D. (2021). Trends in combating fake news on social media – a survey. Journal of Information and Telecommunication, 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1080/24751839.2020.1847379
  • Ireton, C., & Posetti, J. (2018). Journalism, fake news & disinformation: a handbook for journalism education and training: Unesco Publishing. http://bibliotecadigital.tse.jus.br/xmlui/handle/bdtse/6339
  • Jamil, S., & Appiah-Adjei, G. (2019). Journalism in the era of mobile technology: The changing pattern of news production and the thriving culture of fake news in Pakistan and Ghana. World of Media, 1(3), 42–64. https://doi.org/10.30547/worldofmedia.3.2019.2
  • Kareem, I., & Awan, S. I. (2019). Pakistani Media Fake News Classification using Machine Learning Classifiers. https://doi.org/10.1109/icic48496.2019.8966734
  • Malik, A., Bashir, F., & Mahmood, K. (2023). Antecedents and Consequences of Misinformation Sharing Behavior among Adults on Social Media during COVID- 19. SAGE Open, 13(1), 215824402211470. https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440221147022
  • Malik, A., Islam, T., & Mahmood, K. (2022). Factors affecting misinformation combating intention in Pakistan during COVID-19. Kybernetes. https://doi.org/10.1108/k-02-2022-0263
  • Ng, L. H. X., & Taeihagh, A. (2021). How does fake news spread? Understanding pathways of disinformation spread through APIs. Policy & Internet. https://doi.org/10.1002/poi3.268
  • Qureshi, M. N. (2010). Role of Media in Statecraft: A Case Study of Pakistan. ISSRA Papers, 76.
  • Shahzad, K., & Mishra, Y. K. (2022). Relationship between new media literacy (NML) and web-based fake news epidemic control: a systematic literature review. Global Knowledge, Memory and Communication. https://doi.org/10.1108/gkmc-08-2022-0197
  • Tandoc, E. C., Lim, D. J., & Ling, R. (2020). Diffusion of disinformation: How social media users respond to fake news and why. Journalism: Theory, Practice & Criticism, 21(3), 381–398. https://doi.org/10.1177/1464884919868325
  • Ibrahim, M. A. (2012). THEMATIC ANALYSIS: A CRITICAL REVIEW OF ITS PROCESS AND EVALUATION. West East Journal of Social Sciences. http://www.westeastinstitute.com/journals/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/4-Mohammed-Ibrahim-Alhojailan-Full-Paper-Thematic-Analysis-A-Critical-Review-Of-Its-Process-And-Evaluation.pdf
  • Kitsa, M., & Mudra, I. (2019). What do women really want? Exploring contemporary Ukrainian women’s magazines. Feminist Media Studies, 19(2), 179-194 Lane, J. (1994). Comparative Politics: The Principal-Agent Perspective. http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ncid/BA83961335
  • Lin, C. L., & Yeh, J. T. (2009). Comparing society’s awareness of women: Media- portrayed idealized images and physical attractiveness. Journal of Business Ethics, 90(1), 61
  • Matthes, J., Prieler, M., & Adam, K. (2016). Gender-role portrayals in television advertising across the globe. Sex roles, 75(7-8), 314-327.
  • McArthur, L. Z., & Resko, B. G. (1975). The portrayal of men and women in American television
  • Rehman, Syed Inam, Yasar Arafat, NaumanSial, and BabarHussain Shah. "Framing of Urdu Drama Serials: From Social Religious Values to Family Catastrophe." Al-Qalam 24, no. 2 (2019):
  • Shabir, G., Safdar, G., & Imran, M. (2013). Cultural Effects of Urdu Dramas of Geo and Hum TV on Women: A Case Study of Bahawalpur, Pakistan. The Women-Annual Research Journal of Gender Studies, 5. https://sujo- old.usindh.edu.pk/index.php/THE-WOMEN/article/download/878/829
  • Tariq, S. (2005). The comparative study of PTV and GEO TV in promoting Pakistani culture. Unpublished master’s thesis Mass communication department at the University of Punjab, Lahore.televised portrayals. Sex Roles, 10(5-6), 417- 430.
  • Uray, N., & Burnaz, S. (2003). An analysis of the portrayal of gender roles in Turkish television advertisements. Sex roles, 48(1- 2), 77-87.
  • Zawisza-Riley, M. (2019). Advertising, Gender and Society: A Psychological Perspective.
  • Zubari, N. A. (1992). Effects of television on children of middle-class families in Karachi-a cross-sectional study (unpublished: PhD. thesis). Department of Mass Communication, University of Karachi, Pakistan

Cite this article

APA

    APA : Elahi, H., Zulqarnain, W., & Hashmi, N. U. (2023). The Dynamics of Disinformation: Understanding How Pakistani Social Media Users Navigate and React to Fake News. Global Digital & Print Media Review, VI(I), 124-132. https://doi.org/10.31703/gdpmr.2023(VI-I).10

CHICAGO

    CHICAGO : Elahi, Haroon, Wajid Zulqarnain, and Naveed Ullah Hashmi. 2023. "The Dynamics of Disinformation: Understanding How Pakistani Social Media Users Navigate and React to Fake News." Global Digital & Print Media Review, VI (I): 124-132 doi: 10.31703/gdpmr.2023(VI-I).10

HARVARD

    HARVARD : ELAHI, H., ZULQARNAIN, W. & HASHMI, N. U. 2023. The Dynamics of Disinformation: Understanding How Pakistani Social Media Users Navigate and React to Fake News. Global Digital & Print Media Review, VI, 124-132.

MHRA

    MHRA : Elahi, Haroon, Wajid Zulqarnain, and Naveed Ullah Hashmi. 2023. "The Dynamics of Disinformation: Understanding How Pakistani Social Media Users Navigate and React to Fake News." Global Digital & Print Media Review, VI: 124-132

MLA

    MLA : Elahi, Haroon, Wajid Zulqarnain, and Naveed Ullah Hashmi. "The Dynamics of Disinformation: Understanding How Pakistani Social Media Users Navigate and React to Fake News." Global Digital & Print Media Review, VI.I (2023): 124-132 Print.

OXFORD

    OXFORD : Elahi, Haroon, Zulqarnain, Wajid, and Hashmi, Naveed Ullah (2023), "The Dynamics of Disinformation: Understanding How Pakistani Social Media Users Navigate and React to Fake News", Global Digital & Print Media Review, VI (I), 124-132

TURABIAN

    TURABIAN : Elahi, Haroon, Wajid Zulqarnain, and Naveed Ullah Hashmi. "The Dynamics of Disinformation: Understanding How Pakistani Social Media Users Navigate and React to Fake News." Global Digital & Print Media Review VI, no. I (2023): 124-132. https://doi.org/10.31703/gdpmr.2023(VI-I).10