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- David, J. (2015). After Paris and Copenhagen, can free speech learn to live with religion?. cnbc. http://www.cnbc.com/id/102439946
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- Keyes, L. (1983). Third world mission agency directory (p. 40). [Pasadena, CA]: [William Carey Library].
- Merriam-webster.com,. (2019). Definition of Blasphemy. http://www.merriam- webster.com/dictionary/blasphemy
- Modood, T. (1993). Muslim views on religious identity and racial equality. Journal Of Ethnic And Migration Studies, 19(3), 513- 519. doi:10.1080/1369183x.1993.9976381
- Neelamalar, M. (2009). MEDIA LAW AND ETHICS. PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.
- Nina, S. (2009). Insulting Islam http://www.hudsonny.org/2009/01/insultin g-islam-one-way-street-in-the-wrong- direction.php
- Patel, A. (2012). Blasphemy law in India - The Express Tribune. The Express Tribune. http://tribune.com.pk/story/426131/blasphe my-law-in-india/
- Patel, A. (2012). Pakistan's blasphemy law. The Express Tribune. http://tribune.com.pk/story/426498/pakista ns-blasphemy-law/
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- Sunnah.com,. (2019). Ka'b b. Ashraf (page 1). http://sunnah.com/search/?q=Ka
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- THEODOROU, A. (2014). Which countries still outlaw apostasy and blasphemy?. pew research centre. http://www.pewresearch.org/fact- tank/2014/05/28/which-countries-still- outlaw-apostasy-and-blasphemy/
- Tiburcio, C. (2001). The human rights of aliens under international and comparative law. The Hague: M. Nijhoff Publishers.
- Vesterinen, A. (2013). Malaysia | New Humanist. Newhumanist.org.uk. https://newhumanist.org.uk/articles/4380/ malaysia
- Admin, I. (2015). International Humanist and Ethical Union | Denmark announces it will keep its blasphemy law. Iheu.org. http://iheu.org/denmark-announces-it-will- keep-its-blasphemy-law/
- Ahmad, N. (1998). Blasphemy in the Light of the Qur'an. Muslimcanada.org. http://muslimcanada.org/HamdardBlasphe my.html
- Al-Monitor. (2013). Blasphemy in Turkey - And the Fazil Say Affair - Al-Monitor: the Pulse of the Middle East. http://www.al- monitor.com/pulse/originals/2013/04/fazil- say-blasphemy-poet-turkey.html
- Biblehub.com,. (2019). Topical Bible: Blasphemy. http://biblehub.com/topical/b/blasphemy.ht m
- Council of Europe.,. (2010). Blasphemy, Insult and Hatred - Finding Answers in a Democratic Society (Science and Technique of Democracy No. 47). Council of Europe.
- Crabtree, V. (2012). Blasphemy and Censorship: In Christianity and Islam. www.vexen.co.uk. http://www.vexen.co.uk/religion/blasphem y.html
- Crabtree, V. (2014). Blasphemy and Censorship: In Christianity and Islam. www.vexen.co.uk
- Crouch, M. (2013). Law and religion in Indonesia. Routledge,.
- David, J. (2015). After Paris and Copenhagen, can free speech learn to live with religion?. cnbc. http://www.cnbc.com/id/102439946
- Ende, W., & Steinbach, U. (2010). Islam in the world today. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press
- Eurotrib.com,. (2014). European Tribune - Comments - On Minority Rights and on Beliefs. http://www.eurotrib.com/comments/2014/2 /1/163332/8416/383
- Former Muslims United,. (2010). Al-Azhar Fatwa. http://formermuslimsunited.org/apostasy- from-islam/al-azhar-fatwa/
- Gilani, S. (2010). Punishment for Blasphemy in the Light of Religious Scriptures. awgilani. https://awgilani.wordpress.com/2010/12/04 /blasphemy/
- Godhatestheworld.com,. (2014). Denmark's Evil Government. http://www.godhatestheworld.com/denmar k/government.html
- Gundy, Z. (2015). Timeline of Egyptian reactions to blasphemy and insults to Islam. englishahram. http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/ 1/64/120307/Egypt/Politics-/Timeline-of- Egyptian-reactions-to-blasphemy-and- in.aspx
- Iranhrdc.org,. (2012). Iran Human Rights Documentation Center - Understanding the Rushdie Affair: Blasphemy and Extrajudicial Killing in Shi'a Islam (May 2012). http://www.iranhrdc.org/english/publicatio ns/legal-commentary/1000000097- understanding-the-rushdie-affair- blasphemy-and-extrajudicial-killing-in- shia-islam.html
- Islamicboard.com,. (2006). Blasphemy Punishments in the Bible. http://www.islamicboard.com/comparative -religion/20901-blasphemy-punishments- bible.html
- Jacob, P., & Alexander, A. (1995). Section 295-C Pakistan Penal Code (History, effects and cases under blasphemy laws in Pakistan). Faisalabad: Komi Commission barai amaan o insaf Pakistan.
- Jacobs, R. (2006). Blasphemy in Judaism. Myjewishlearning.com. http://www.myjewishlearning.com/beliefs/ Theology/God/About_God/Speaking_abou t_God/Blasphemy.shtml
- Jones, P. (1980). Blasphemy, Offensiveness and Law. British Journal of Political Science, 10(2), 129-148. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0007123400002064
- Keyes, L. (1983). Third world mission agency directory (p. 40). [Pasadena, CA]: [William Carey Library].
- Merriam-webster.com,. (2019). Definition of Blasphemy. http://www.merriam- webster.com/dictionary/blasphemy
- Modood, T. (1993). Muslim views on religious identity and racial equality. Journal Of Ethnic And Migration Studies, 19(3), 513- 519. doi:10.1080/1369183x.1993.9976381
- Neelamalar, M. (2009). MEDIA LAW AND ETHICS. PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.
- Nina, S. (2009). Insulting Islam http://www.hudsonny.org/2009/01/insultin g-islam-one-way-street-in-the-wrong- direction.php
- Patel, A. (2012). Blasphemy law in India - The Express Tribune. The Express Tribune. http://tribune.com.pk/story/426131/blasphe my-law-in-india/
- Patel, A. (2012). Pakistan's blasphemy law. The Express Tribune. http://tribune.com.pk/story/426498/pakista ns-blasphemy-law/
- Stefani, P. (2014). Freedom and Democracy: What does ‘blasphemy' mean in Judaism? -Piero Stefani, University of Ferrara | Reset Dialogues on Civilizations. Resetdoc.org. http://www.resetdoc.org/story/0000002235 1
- Sunnah.com,. (2019). Ka'b b. Ashraf (page 1). http://sunnah.com/search/?q=Ka
- THE IMPACT OF Blasphemy Laws on Human Rights. (2011) (1st ed.). https://freedomhouse.org/sites/default/files /PolicingBelief_Egypt.pdf
- THEODOROU, A. (2014). Which countries still outlaw apostasy and blasphemy?. pew research centre. http://www.pewresearch.org/fact- tank/2014/05/28/which-countries-still- outlaw-apostasy-and-blasphemy/
- Tiburcio, C. (2001). The human rights of aliens under international and comparative law. The Hague: M. Nijhoff Publishers.
- Vesterinen, A. (2013). Malaysia | New Humanist. Newhumanist.org.uk. https://newhumanist.org.uk/articles/4380/ malaysia
Cite this article
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APA : Zehra, F., Sheraz, H. M., & Suleman, M. (2021). A Legal Perspective on Blasphemy within Muslim, Secular and Non-Muslim States. Global Digital & Print Media Review, IV(IV), 10-23. https://doi.org/10.31703/gdpmr.2021(IV-IV).02
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CHICAGO : Zehra, Fatima, Hafiz M. Sheraz, and Muhammad Suleman. 2021. "A Legal Perspective on Blasphemy within Muslim, Secular and Non-Muslim States." Global Digital & Print Media Review, IV (IV): 10-23 doi: 10.31703/gdpmr.2021(IV-IV).02
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HARVARD : ZEHRA, F., SHERAZ, H. M. & SULEMAN, M. 2021. A Legal Perspective on Blasphemy within Muslim, Secular and Non-Muslim States. Global Digital & Print Media Review, IV, 10-23.
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MHRA : Zehra, Fatima, Hafiz M. Sheraz, and Muhammad Suleman. 2021. "A Legal Perspective on Blasphemy within Muslim, Secular and Non-Muslim States." Global Digital & Print Media Review, IV: 10-23
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MLA : Zehra, Fatima, Hafiz M. Sheraz, and Muhammad Suleman. "A Legal Perspective on Blasphemy within Muslim, Secular and Non-Muslim States." Global Digital & Print Media Review, IV.IV (2021): 10-23 Print.
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OXFORD : Zehra, Fatima, Sheraz, Hafiz M., and Suleman, Muhammad (2021), "A Legal Perspective on Blasphemy within Muslim, Secular and Non-Muslim States", Global Digital & Print Media Review, IV (IV), 10-23
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TURABIAN : Zehra, Fatima, Hafiz M. Sheraz, and Muhammad Suleman. "A Legal Perspective on Blasphemy within Muslim, Secular and Non-Muslim States." Global Digital & Print Media Review IV, no. IV (2021): 10-23. https://doi.org/10.31703/gdpmr.2021(IV-IV).02