ROLE OF SOCIAL MEDIA SPREADING INFORMATION OR PANIC DURING COVID19 CRISIS IN PAKISTAN

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gdpmr.2022(V-I).17      10.31703/gdpmr.2022(V-I).17      Published : Mar 1
Authored by : Assad Ullah , Bin Yamin Khan , Rooh ul Amin Khan

17 Pages : 172-185

References

  • Abbott, A. (2021). COVID's mental-health toll: how scientists are tracking a surge in depression. Nature, 590(7845), 194-196.
  • Afroz, S., Brennan, M., & Greenstadt, R. (2012). Detecting hoaxes, frauds, and deception in writing style online. Paper presented at the 2012 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy.
  • Agius, S., Grech, A., & Grech, V. (2020). The way in which COVID-19 changed behaviour on social media in Malta. Early Human Development.
  • Ahmad, A. R., & Murad, H. R. (2020). The Impact of Social Media on Panic During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Iraqi Kurdistan: Online Questionnaire Study. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 22(5), e19556. https://doi.org/10.2196/19556
  • Albashtawy, M., Gharaibeh, H., Alhalaiqa, F., Batiha, A.-M., Freij, M., Saifan, A., Khamaiseh, A. (2016). The health belief model’s impacts on the use of complementary and alternative medicine by parents or guardians of children with cancer. Iranian journal of public health, 45(5), 708-709.
  • Ali, M. Y., & Gatiti, P. (2020). The COVID‐19 (Coronavirus) pandemic: reflections on the roles of librarians and information professionals. Health Information &Amp; Libraries Journal, 37(2), 158–162. https://doi.org/10.1111/hir.12307
  • llcott, H., & Gentzkow, M. (2017). Social Media and Fake News in the 2016 Election. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 31(2), 211–236. https://doi.org/10.1257/jep.31.2.211
  • Almahasees, Z., & Jaccomard, H. (2020). Facebook Translation Service (FTS) Usage among Jordanians during COVID-19 Lockdown. Advances in Science, Technology and Engineering Systems Journal, 5(6), 514–519. https://doi.org/10.25046/aj050661
  • Almunawar, M. N., Anshari, M., & Susanto, H. (2018). Adopting Open Source Software in Smartphone Manufacturers' Open Innovation Strategy Encyclopedia of Information Science and Technology, Fourth Edition. 7369-7381. IGI Global.
  • Alzoubi, H., Alnawaiseh, N., Al-Mnayyis, A., Abu- Lubad, M., Aqel, A., & Al-Shagahin, H. (2020). COVID-19 - Knowledge, Attitude and Practice among Medical and Non- Medical University Students in Jordan. Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology, 14(1), 17–24. https://doi.org/10.22207/jpam.14.1.04
  • Atlani-Duault, L., Ward, J. K., Roy, M., Morin, C., & Wilson, A. (2020). Tracking online heroisation and blame in epidemics. The Lancet Public Health, 5(3), e137–e138. https://doi.org/10.1016/s24682667(20)30033-5
  • Avery, E. (2010). Contextual and audience moderators of channel selection and message reception of public health information in routine and crisis situations. Journal of Public Relations Research, 22(4), 378-403.
  • Baines, D., & Elliott, R. (2020). Defining misinformation, disinformation and malinformation: An urgent need for clarity during the COVID-19 infodemic. Discussion papers, 20(06), 20-06.
  • Balmas, M. (2012). When Fake News Becomes Real. Communication Research, 41(3), 430– 454. https://doi.org/10.1177/0093650212453600
  • Bao, H., Cao, B., Xiong, Y., & Tang, W. (2020). Digital Media’s Role in the COVID-19 Pandemic. JMIR MHealth and UHealth, 8(9), e20156. https://doi.org/10.2196/20156
  • Bassetti, M., Vena, A., & Giacobbe, D. R. (2020). The novel Chinese coronavirus (2019‐ nCoV) infections: Challenges for fighting the storm. European Journal of Clinical Investigation, 50(3). https://doi.org/10.1111/eci.13209
  • Bastani, P., & Bahrami, M. A. (2020). COVID-19 Related Misinformation on Social Media: A Qualitative Study from Iran (Preprint). Journal of Medical Internet Research. https://doi.org/10.2196/18932
  • Berube, D. M. (2021). A Story About Toilet Paper: Pandemic Panic-Buying and Public Resilience Pandemic Communication and Resilience. 143-165. Springer.
  • Bessi, A., & Ferrara, E. (2016). Social bots distort the 2016 US Presidential election online discussion. First Monday, 21(11-7), 1-14.
  • Bilandzic, H., & Rössler, P. (2004). Life according to television. Implications of genre-specific cultivation effects: The gratification/cultivation model.
  • Brewer, K. (2020). Coronavirus: how to protect your mental health. BBC News.
  • Casero-Ripollés, A. (2020). Impact of Covid-19 on the media system. Communicative and democratic consequences of news consumption during the outbreak. Casero- Ripollés,
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  • Cellan-Jones, R. (2020). Tech Tent: Is social media spreading the virus. BBC News.
  • Charles-Smith, L. E., Reynolds, T. L., Cameron, M. A., Conway, M., Lau, E. H. Y., Olsen, J. M., Pavlin, J. A., Shigematsu, M., Streichert, L. C., Suda, K. J., & Corley, C. D. (2015). Using Social Media for Actionable Disease Surveillance and Outbreak Management: A Systematic Literature Review. PLOS ONE, 10(10), e0139701. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0139701
  • Depoux, A., Martin, S., Karafillakis, E., Preet, R., Wilder-Smith, A., & Larson, H. (2020). The pandemic of social media panic travels faster than the COVID-19 outbreak (Vol. 27, pp. taaa031): Oxford University Press.
  • Dhir, A., Chen, G. M., & Chen, S. (2017). Why do we tag photographs on Facebook? Proposing a new gratifications scale. New Media & Society, 19(4), 502-521. https://doi.org/10.1177/146144481561106
  • Ding, H. (2014). Transnational quarantine rhetorics: public mobilization in SARS and in H1N1 flu. Journal of medical humanities, 35(2), 191-210. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10912-014-9282-8
  • Ejaz, W., & Ittefaq, M. (2020). Data for understanding trust in varied information sources, use of news media, and perception of misinformation regarding COVID-19 in Pakistan. Data in Brief, 32, 106091. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2020.106091
  • Emmott, R. (2020). Russia deploying coronavirus disinformation to sow panic in West, EU document says . Reuters World News.
  • Erku, D. A., Belachew, S. A., Abrha, S., Sinnollareddy, M., Thomas, J., Steadman, K. J., & Tesfaye, W. H. (2020). When fear and misinformation go viral: Pharmacists' role in deterring medication misinformation during the 'infodemic' surrounding COVID- 19. Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy, 17(1), 1954-1963. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sapharm.2020.04.032
  • Etzioni, O., Banko, M., Soderland, S., & Weld, D. S. (2008). Open information extraction from the web. Communications of the ACM, 51(12), 68-74.
  • Eysenbach, G. (2002). Infodemiology: The epidemiology of (mis) information. The American journal of medicine, 113(9), 763- 765. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0002-9343(02)01473-0
  • Fang, J., Wang, X., Wen, Z., & Zhou, J. (2020). Fear of missing out and problematic social media use as mediators between emotional support from social media and phubbing behavior. Addictive Behaviors, 107, 106430. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106430
  • Fernandez-Guerrero, I. M. (2014). “WhatsAppitis.” The Lancet, 383(9922), 1040. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(14)60519-5
  • Freitas, M. P. d., Vieira, C. C., Garimella, K., Melo, P. O., & Benevenuto, F. (2019). Can WhatsApp counter misinformation by limiting message forwarding? Paper presented at the International conference on complex networks and their applications. 1- 13. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.1909.08740
  • Frenkel, S., Alba, D., & Zhong, R. (2020). Surge of virus misinformation stumps Facebook and Twitter. The New York Times, 8.
  • Garrett, O. (2020). A Case of Modern Mass Hysteria. The Coronavirus.
  • GERBER, A. S., HUBER, G. A., & WASHINGTON, E. (2010). Party Affiliation, Partisanship, and Political Beliefs: A Field Experiment. American Political Science Review, 104(4), 720–744. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0003055410000407
  • Gerbner, G., & Gross, L. (2017). Living with television: The violence profile The Fear of Crime. 169-195: Routledge.
  • Gesser-Edelsburg, A., Diamant, A., Hijazi, R., & Mesch, G. S. (2018). Correcting misinformation by health organizations during measles outbreaks: A controlled experiment. PLOS ONE, 13(12), e0209505. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0209505
  • Gever, V. C., Talabi, F. O., Adelabu, O., Sanusi, B. O., & Talabi, J. M. (2021). Modeling predictors of COVID-19 health behaviour adoption, sustenance and discontinuation among social media users in Nigeria. Telematics and Informatics, 60, 101584. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2021.101584
  • Glanz, K., Rimer, B. K., & Viswanath, K. (2008). Health behavior and health education: theory, research, and practice: John Wiley & Sons.
  • Gold, H. (2020). Inside the WHO's fight to stop false information about coronavirus from spreading.
  • González-Padilla, D. A., & Tortolero-Blanco, L. (2020). Social media influence in the COVID-19 Pandemic. International Braz J Urol, 46(suppl 1), 120–124. https://doi.org/10.1590/s1677-5538.ibju.2020.s121
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References

  • Abbott, A. (2021). COVID's mental-health toll: how scientists are tracking a surge in depression. Nature, 590(7845), 194-196.
  • Afroz, S., Brennan, M., & Greenstadt, R. (2012). Detecting hoaxes, frauds, and deception in writing style online. Paper presented at the 2012 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy.
  • Agius, S., Grech, A., & Grech, V. (2020). The way in which COVID-19 changed behaviour on social media in Malta. Early Human Development.
  • Ahmad, A. R., & Murad, H. R. (2020). The Impact of Social Media on Panic During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Iraqi Kurdistan: Online Questionnaire Study. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 22(5), e19556. https://doi.org/10.2196/19556
  • Albashtawy, M., Gharaibeh, H., Alhalaiqa, F., Batiha, A.-M., Freij, M., Saifan, A., Khamaiseh, A. (2016). The health belief model’s impacts on the use of complementary and alternative medicine by parents or guardians of children with cancer. Iranian journal of public health, 45(5), 708-709.
  • Ali, M. Y., & Gatiti, P. (2020). The COVID‐19 (Coronavirus) pandemic: reflections on the roles of librarians and information professionals. Health Information &Amp; Libraries Journal, 37(2), 158–162. https://doi.org/10.1111/hir.12307
  • llcott, H., & Gentzkow, M. (2017). Social Media and Fake News in the 2016 Election. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 31(2), 211–236. https://doi.org/10.1257/jep.31.2.211
  • Almahasees, Z., & Jaccomard, H. (2020). Facebook Translation Service (FTS) Usage among Jordanians during COVID-19 Lockdown. Advances in Science, Technology and Engineering Systems Journal, 5(6), 514–519. https://doi.org/10.25046/aj050661
  • Almunawar, M. N., Anshari, M., & Susanto, H. (2018). Adopting Open Source Software in Smartphone Manufacturers' Open Innovation Strategy Encyclopedia of Information Science and Technology, Fourth Edition. 7369-7381. IGI Global.
  • Alzoubi, H., Alnawaiseh, N., Al-Mnayyis, A., Abu- Lubad, M., Aqel, A., & Al-Shagahin, H. (2020). COVID-19 - Knowledge, Attitude and Practice among Medical and Non- Medical University Students in Jordan. Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology, 14(1), 17–24. https://doi.org/10.22207/jpam.14.1.04
  • Atlani-Duault, L., Ward, J. K., Roy, M., Morin, C., & Wilson, A. (2020). Tracking online heroisation and blame in epidemics. The Lancet Public Health, 5(3), e137–e138. https://doi.org/10.1016/s24682667(20)30033-5
  • Avery, E. (2010). Contextual and audience moderators of channel selection and message reception of public health information in routine and crisis situations. Journal of Public Relations Research, 22(4), 378-403.
  • Baines, D., & Elliott, R. (2020). Defining misinformation, disinformation and malinformation: An urgent need for clarity during the COVID-19 infodemic. Discussion papers, 20(06), 20-06.
  • Balmas, M. (2012). When Fake News Becomes Real. Communication Research, 41(3), 430– 454. https://doi.org/10.1177/0093650212453600
  • Bao, H., Cao, B., Xiong, Y., & Tang, W. (2020). Digital Media’s Role in the COVID-19 Pandemic. JMIR MHealth and UHealth, 8(9), e20156. https://doi.org/10.2196/20156
  • Bassetti, M., Vena, A., & Giacobbe, D. R. (2020). The novel Chinese coronavirus (2019‐ nCoV) infections: Challenges for fighting the storm. European Journal of Clinical Investigation, 50(3). https://doi.org/10.1111/eci.13209
  • Bastani, P., & Bahrami, M. A. (2020). COVID-19 Related Misinformation on Social Media: A Qualitative Study from Iran (Preprint). Journal of Medical Internet Research. https://doi.org/10.2196/18932
  • Berube, D. M. (2021). A Story About Toilet Paper: Pandemic Panic-Buying and Public Resilience Pandemic Communication and Resilience. 143-165. Springer.
  • Bessi, A., & Ferrara, E. (2016). Social bots distort the 2016 US Presidential election online discussion. First Monday, 21(11-7), 1-14.
  • Bilandzic, H., & Rössler, P. (2004). Life according to television. Implications of genre-specific cultivation effects: The gratification/cultivation model.
  • Brewer, K. (2020). Coronavirus: how to protect your mental health. BBC News.
  • Casero-Ripollés, A. (2020). Impact of Covid-19 on the media system. Communicative and democratic consequences of news consumption during the outbreak. Casero- Ripollés,
  • Andreu (2020). "Impact of Covid-19 on the media system. Communicative and democratic consequences of news consumption during the outbreak ". El profesional de la información, 29(2), 290- 223.
  • Cellan-Jones, R. (2020). Tech Tent: Is social media spreading the virus. BBC News.
  • Charles-Smith, L. E., Reynolds, T. L., Cameron, M. A., Conway, M., Lau, E. H. Y., Olsen, J. M., Pavlin, J. A., Shigematsu, M., Streichert, L. C., Suda, K. J., & Corley, C. D. (2015). Using Social Media for Actionable Disease Surveillance and Outbreak Management: A Systematic Literature Review. PLOS ONE, 10(10), e0139701. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0139701
  • Depoux, A., Martin, S., Karafillakis, E., Preet, R., Wilder-Smith, A., & Larson, H. (2020). The pandemic of social media panic travels faster than the COVID-19 outbreak (Vol. 27, pp. taaa031): Oxford University Press.
  • Dhir, A., Chen, G. M., & Chen, S. (2017). Why do we tag photographs on Facebook? Proposing a new gratifications scale. New Media & Society, 19(4), 502-521. https://doi.org/10.1177/146144481561106
  • Ding, H. (2014). Transnational quarantine rhetorics: public mobilization in SARS and in H1N1 flu. Journal of medical humanities, 35(2), 191-210. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10912-014-9282-8
  • Ejaz, W., & Ittefaq, M. (2020). Data for understanding trust in varied information sources, use of news media, and perception of misinformation regarding COVID-19 in Pakistan. Data in Brief, 32, 106091. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2020.106091
  • Emmott, R. (2020). Russia deploying coronavirus disinformation to sow panic in West, EU document says . Reuters World News.
  • Erku, D. A., Belachew, S. A., Abrha, S., Sinnollareddy, M., Thomas, J., Steadman, K. J., & Tesfaye, W. H. (2020). When fear and misinformation go viral: Pharmacists' role in deterring medication misinformation during the 'infodemic' surrounding COVID- 19. Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy, 17(1), 1954-1963. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sapharm.2020.04.032
  • Etzioni, O., Banko, M., Soderland, S., & Weld, D. S. (2008). Open information extraction from the web. Communications of the ACM, 51(12), 68-74.
  • Eysenbach, G. (2002). Infodemiology: The epidemiology of (mis) information. The American journal of medicine, 113(9), 763- 765. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0002-9343(02)01473-0
  • Fang, J., Wang, X., Wen, Z., & Zhou, J. (2020). Fear of missing out and problematic social media use as mediators between emotional support from social media and phubbing behavior. Addictive Behaviors, 107, 106430. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106430
  • Fernandez-Guerrero, I. M. (2014). “WhatsAppitis.” The Lancet, 383(9922), 1040. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(14)60519-5
  • Freitas, M. P. d., Vieira, C. C., Garimella, K., Melo, P. O., & Benevenuto, F. (2019). Can WhatsApp counter misinformation by limiting message forwarding? Paper presented at the International conference on complex networks and their applications. 1- 13. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.1909.08740
  • Frenkel, S., Alba, D., & Zhong, R. (2020). Surge of virus misinformation stumps Facebook and Twitter. The New York Times, 8.
  • Garrett, O. (2020). A Case of Modern Mass Hysteria. The Coronavirus.
  • GERBER, A. S., HUBER, G. A., & WASHINGTON, E. (2010). Party Affiliation, Partisanship, and Political Beliefs: A Field Experiment. American Political Science Review, 104(4), 720–744. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0003055410000407
  • Gerbner, G., & Gross, L. (2017). Living with television: The violence profile The Fear of Crime. 169-195: Routledge.
  • Gesser-Edelsburg, A., Diamant, A., Hijazi, R., & Mesch, G. S. (2018). Correcting misinformation by health organizations during measles outbreaks: A controlled experiment. PLOS ONE, 13(12), e0209505. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0209505
  • Gever, V. C., Talabi, F. O., Adelabu, O., Sanusi, B. O., & Talabi, J. M. (2021). Modeling predictors of COVID-19 health behaviour adoption, sustenance and discontinuation among social media users in Nigeria. Telematics and Informatics, 60, 101584. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2021.101584
  • Glanz, K., Rimer, B. K., & Viswanath, K. (2008). Health behavior and health education: theory, research, and practice: John Wiley & Sons.
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Cite this article

APA

    APA : Ullah, A., Khan, B. Y., & Khan, R. u. A. (2022). Role Of Social Media: Spreading Information Or Panic During Covid-19 Crisis In Pakistan. Global Digital & Print Media Review, V(I), 172-185. https://doi.org/10.31703/gdpmr.2022(V-I).17

CHICAGO

    CHICAGO : Ullah, Assad, Bin Yamin Khan, and Rooh ul Amin Khan. 2022. "Role Of Social Media: Spreading Information Or Panic During Covid-19 Crisis In Pakistan." Global Digital & Print Media Review, V (I): 172-185 doi: 10.31703/gdpmr.2022(V-I).17

HARVARD

    HARVARD : ULLAH, A., KHAN, B. Y. & KHAN, R. U. A. 2022. Role Of Social Media: Spreading Information Or Panic During Covid-19 Crisis In Pakistan. Global Digital & Print Media Review, V, 172-185.

MHRA

    MHRA : Ullah, Assad, Bin Yamin Khan, and Rooh ul Amin Khan. 2022. "Role Of Social Media: Spreading Information Or Panic During Covid-19 Crisis In Pakistan." Global Digital & Print Media Review, V: 172-185

MLA

    MLA : Ullah, Assad, Bin Yamin Khan, and Rooh ul Amin Khan. "Role Of Social Media: Spreading Information Or Panic During Covid-19 Crisis In Pakistan." Global Digital & Print Media Review, V.I (2022): 172-185 Print.

OXFORD

    OXFORD : Ullah, Assad, Khan, Bin Yamin, and Khan, Rooh ul Amin (2022), "Role Of Social Media: Spreading Information Or Panic During Covid-19 Crisis In Pakistan", Global Digital & Print Media Review, V (I), 172-185

TURABIAN

    TURABIAN : Ullah, Assad, Bin Yamin Khan, and Rooh ul Amin Khan. "Role Of Social Media: Spreading Information Or Panic During Covid-19 Crisis In Pakistan." Global Digital & Print Media Review V, no. I (2022): 172-185. https://doi.org/10.31703/gdpmr.2022(V-I).17