References
- American Academy of Pediatrics. (2001). American Academy of Pediatrics: children, adolescents, and television. Pediatrics, 107(2), 423-426.
- Austin, E. W., Roberts, D. F., & Nass, C. I. (1990). Influences of family communication on children's television-interpretation processes. Communication research, 17(4), 545-564.
- Browne, N. (2005). Young children's literacy development and the role of televisual texts. Routledge.
- Buckingham, D. (1993). Children Talking Television: The Making of. Television Literacy.
- Buijzen, M., & Valkenburg, P. M. (2003). The effects of television advertising on materialism, parent-child conflict, and unhappiness: A review of research. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 24(4), 437-456.
- Buijzen, M., & Valkenburg, P. M. (2005). Parental mediation of undesired advertising effects. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 49(2), 153-165
- Cantor, J. (2009). Fright reactions to mass media. In Media effects (pp. 303-319). Routledge
- Carlsson, U. (2006). Regulation, awareness, empowerment: Young people and harmful media content in the digital age. Nordicom, University of Gothenburg.
- Collier, K. M. (2015). Does Parental Mediation of Media Influence Child Outcomes? A Meta- Analysis on Media Time, Content, Aggression, Substance Use, Sexual Behavior, and Health Outcomes. Brigham Young University.
- Gunter, B., McAleer, J., & Clifford, B. (1991). Children's views about television. Avebury.
- Heim, J., Brandtzæg, P. B., Kaare, B. H., Endestad, T., & Torgersen, L. (2007). Children's usage of media technologies and psychosocial factors. New Media & Society, 9(3), 425-454.
- Hogan, M. J. (2012). Parents and other adults: Models and monitors of healthy media habits.
- Korhonen, P., & Lahikainen, A. R. (2008). Recent trends in young children's television†induced fears in Finland. Journal of children and media, 2(2), 147-162.
- Livingstone, S., & Helsper, E. J. (2008). Parental mediation of children's internet use. Journal of broadcasting & electronic media, 52(4), 581-599.
- Nathanson, A. I. (2002). The unintended effects of parental mediation of television on adolescents. Media Psychology, 4(3), 207- 230
- Nathanson, A. I., & Cantor, J. (2000). Reducing the aggression-promoting effect of violent cartoons by increasing children's fictional involvement with the victim: A study of active mediation. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 44(1), 125-142
- Nathanson, A. I., Eveland Jr, W. P., Park, H. S., & Paul, B. (2002). Perceived media influence and efficacy as predictors of caregivers' protective behaviors. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 46(3), 385-410
- Nolan, E. (2012). Children's television Viewing: The parental role in media literacy (Doctoral dissertation, Gonzaga University, Spokane, Wash.)
- Oyero, O., & Oyesomi, K. O. (2014). Perceived influence of television cartoons on Nigerian children's social behaviour. Estudos em Comunicação, 17, 91-116.
- Paavonen, E. J., Roine, M., Pennonen, M., & Lahikainen, A. R. (2009). Do parental co†viewing and discussions mitigate TV†induced fears in young children?. Child: care, health and development, 35(6), 773- 780
- Pasquier, D. (2001). Media at home: Domestic interactions and regulation. Children and their changing media environment: A European comparative study, 161-177.
- Rasmussen, E. (2013). Theoretical underpinnings of reducing the media's negative effect on children: Person- centered, negatively-valenced evaluative mediation within a persuasion framework. Annals of the International Communication Association, 37(1), 379- 406
- Rice, M. L., Huston, A. C., Truglio, R., & Wright, J. C. (1990). Words from
- Rideout, V. J., Foehr, U. G., Roberts, D. F., & Generation, M. (2010). 2: Media in the Lives of 8-to 18-Year-Olds. Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation.
- Roberts, D. F., & Foehr, U. G. (2004). Kids and media in America. Cambridge University Press.
- Roberts, D. F., Foehr, U. G., & Rideout, V. (2005). Generation M: Media in the Lives of 8-18 Year Olds. Menlo Park, CA: Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation
- Staksrud, E., & Livingstone, S. (2009). Children and online risk: Powerless victims or resourceful participants?. Information, Communication & Society, 12(3), 364-387.
- Steyer, J. P. (2003). The other parent: The inside story of the media's effect on our children. Simon and Schuster.
- Strasburger, V. C. (1992). Children, adolescents, and television. Pediatr Rev, 13(4), 144-151.
- Strasburger, V. C., & Wilson, B. J. (2002). Youth and Media: Opportunities for Development or Lurking Dangers? Children, Adolescents,and the Media. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 24(3), 381-387. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0193- 3973(03)00067-4
- Valerio, M., Amodio, P., Dal Zio, M., Vianello, A., & Zacchello, G. P. (1997). The use of television in 2-to 8-year-old children and the attitude of parents about such use. Archives of pediatrics & adolescent medicine, 151(1), 22-26
- Valkenburg, P. M., Cantor, J., & Peeters, A. L. (2000). Fright reactions to television: A child survey. Communication Research, 27(1), 82-99.
- Vittrup, B. (2009). What US parents don't know about their children's television use: discrepancies between parents' and children's reports. Journal of Children and Media, 3(1), 51-67.
- Walsh, D. (1994). Selling Out America's Children: How America Puts Profits before Values--and What Parents Can Do. Fairview Press, 2450 Riverside Avenue South, Minneapolis, MN 55454
- Wilson, B. J., & Weiss, A. J. (1993). The effects of sibling coviewing on preschoolers' reactions to a suspenseful movie scene. Communication Research, 20(2), 214-248.
- American Academy of Pediatrics. (2001). American Academy of Pediatrics: children, adolescents, and television. Pediatrics, 107(2), 423-426.
- Austin, E. W., Roberts, D. F., & Nass, C. I. (1990). Influences of family communication on children's television-interpretation processes. Communication research, 17(4), 545-564.
- Browne, N. (2005). Young children's literacy development and the role of televisual texts. Routledge.
- Buckingham, D. (1993). Children Talking Television: The Making of. Television Literacy.
- Buijzen, M., & Valkenburg, P. M. (2003). The effects of television advertising on materialism, parent-child conflict, and unhappiness: A review of research. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 24(4), 437-456.
- Buijzen, M., & Valkenburg, P. M. (2005). Parental mediation of undesired advertising effects. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 49(2), 153-165
- Cantor, J. (2009). Fright reactions to mass media. In Media effects (pp. 303-319). Routledge
- Carlsson, U. (2006). Regulation, awareness, empowerment: Young people and harmful media content in the digital age. Nordicom, University of Gothenburg.
- Collier, K. M. (2015). Does Parental Mediation of Media Influence Child Outcomes? A Meta- Analysis on Media Time, Content, Aggression, Substance Use, Sexual Behavior, and Health Outcomes. Brigham Young University.
- Gunter, B., McAleer, J., & Clifford, B. (1991). Children's views about television. Avebury.
- Heim, J., Brandtzæg, P. B., Kaare, B. H., Endestad, T., & Torgersen, L. (2007). Children's usage of media technologies and psychosocial factors. New Media & Society, 9(3), 425-454.
- Hogan, M. J. (2012). Parents and other adults: Models and monitors of healthy media habits.
- Korhonen, P., & Lahikainen, A. R. (2008). Recent trends in young children's television†induced fears in Finland. Journal of children and media, 2(2), 147-162.
- Livingstone, S., & Helsper, E. J. (2008). Parental mediation of children's internet use. Journal of broadcasting & electronic media, 52(4), 581-599.
- Nathanson, A. I. (2002). The unintended effects of parental mediation of television on adolescents. Media Psychology, 4(3), 207- 230
- Nathanson, A. I., & Cantor, J. (2000). Reducing the aggression-promoting effect of violent cartoons by increasing children's fictional involvement with the victim: A study of active mediation. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 44(1), 125-142
- Nathanson, A. I., Eveland Jr, W. P., Park, H. S., & Paul, B. (2002). Perceived media influence and efficacy as predictors of caregivers' protective behaviors. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 46(3), 385-410
- Nolan, E. (2012). Children's television Viewing: The parental role in media literacy (Doctoral dissertation, Gonzaga University, Spokane, Wash.)
- Oyero, O., & Oyesomi, K. O. (2014). Perceived influence of television cartoons on Nigerian children's social behaviour. Estudos em Comunicação, 17, 91-116.
- Paavonen, E. J., Roine, M., Pennonen, M., & Lahikainen, A. R. (2009). Do parental co†viewing and discussions mitigate TV†induced fears in young children?. Child: care, health and development, 35(6), 773- 780
- Pasquier, D. (2001). Media at home: Domestic interactions and regulation. Children and their changing media environment: A European comparative study, 161-177.
- Rasmussen, E. (2013). Theoretical underpinnings of reducing the media's negative effect on children: Person- centered, negatively-valenced evaluative mediation within a persuasion framework. Annals of the International Communication Association, 37(1), 379- 406
- Rice, M. L., Huston, A. C., Truglio, R., & Wright, J. C. (1990). Words from
- Rideout, V. J., Foehr, U. G., Roberts, D. F., & Generation, M. (2010). 2: Media in the Lives of 8-to 18-Year-Olds. Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation.
- Roberts, D. F., & Foehr, U. G. (2004). Kids and media in America. Cambridge University Press.
- Roberts, D. F., Foehr, U. G., & Rideout, V. (2005). Generation M: Media in the Lives of 8-18 Year Olds. Menlo Park, CA: Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation
- Staksrud, E., & Livingstone, S. (2009). Children and online risk: Powerless victims or resourceful participants?. Information, Communication & Society, 12(3), 364-387.
- Steyer, J. P. (2003). The other parent: The inside story of the media's effect on our children. Simon and Schuster.
- Strasburger, V. C. (1992). Children, adolescents, and television. Pediatr Rev, 13(4), 144-151.
- Strasburger, V. C., & Wilson, B. J. (2002). Youth and Media: Opportunities for Development or Lurking Dangers? Children, Adolescents,and the Media. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 24(3), 381-387. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0193- 3973(03)00067-4
- Valerio, M., Amodio, P., Dal Zio, M., Vianello, A., & Zacchello, G. P. (1997). The use of television in 2-to 8-year-old children and the attitude of parents about such use. Archives of pediatrics & adolescent medicine, 151(1), 22-26
- Valkenburg, P. M., Cantor, J., & Peeters, A. L. (2000). Fright reactions to television: A child survey. Communication Research, 27(1), 82-99.
- Vittrup, B. (2009). What US parents don't know about their children's television use: discrepancies between parents' and children's reports. Journal of Children and Media, 3(1), 51-67.
- Walsh, D. (1994). Selling Out America's Children: How America Puts Profits before Values--and What Parents Can Do. Fairview Press, 2450 Riverside Avenue South, Minneapolis, MN 55454
- Wilson, B. J., & Weiss, A. J. (1993). The effects of sibling coviewing on preschoolers' reactions to a suspenseful movie scene. Communication Research, 20(2), 214-248.
Cite this article
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APA : Munawar, R., Ahmed, M., & Zainab, S. (2021). An Empirical Study of Parental Mediation in Islamabad, Pakistan. Global Digital & Print Media Review, IV(IV), 58-65. https://doi.org/10.31703/gdpmr.2021(IV-IV).05
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CHICAGO : Munawar, Rehana, Munib Ahmed, and Sana Zainab. 2021. "An Empirical Study of Parental Mediation in Islamabad, Pakistan." Global Digital & Print Media Review, IV (IV): 58-65 doi: 10.31703/gdpmr.2021(IV-IV).05
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HARVARD : MUNAWAR, R., AHMED, M. & ZAINAB, S. 2021. An Empirical Study of Parental Mediation in Islamabad, Pakistan. Global Digital & Print Media Review, IV, 58-65.
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MHRA : Munawar, Rehana, Munib Ahmed, and Sana Zainab. 2021. "An Empirical Study of Parental Mediation in Islamabad, Pakistan." Global Digital & Print Media Review, IV: 58-65
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MLA : Munawar, Rehana, Munib Ahmed, and Sana Zainab. "An Empirical Study of Parental Mediation in Islamabad, Pakistan." Global Digital & Print Media Review, IV.IV (2021): 58-65 Print.
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OXFORD : Munawar, Rehana, Ahmed, Munib, and Zainab, Sana (2021), "An Empirical Study of Parental Mediation in Islamabad, Pakistan", Global Digital & Print Media Review, IV (IV), 58-65
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TURABIAN : Munawar, Rehana, Munib Ahmed, and Sana Zainab. "An Empirical Study of Parental Mediation in Islamabad, Pakistan." Global Digital & Print Media Review IV, no. IV (2021): 58-65. https://doi.org/10.31703/gdpmr.2021(IV-IV).05